Big Earth Data 2:197–227Īrcadis (2016) Sustainable cities water index. Sustainability (Switzerland)Īllen MR, Zaidi SMA, Chandola V, Morton AM, Brelsford CM, McManamay RA, KC B, Sanyal J, Stewart RN, Bhaduri BL (2018) A survey of analytical methods for inclusion in a new energy-water nexus knowledge discovery framework. KeywordsĪivazidou E, Banias G, Lampridi M, Vasileiadis G, Anagnostis A, Papageorgiou E, Bochtis D (2021) Smart technologies for sustainable water management: an urban analysis. With the development and improving upon the urban water stress management can help in micro level planning at the city level to adapt to the water scarcity. The use of knowledge graphs can be promoted which can help in the integration of the various parameters and help in defining water scarcity as one entity. These techniques have been found useful with the requirement of exploitation of other methods as well. ML techniques such as ANN, XGBoost, SVM, CNN, ANFIS, RF have been implemented in the previous literature. For the water quality assessments, the parameters of salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and ammoniacal nitrogen, sediment load has been utilized. It has been found that metrics such as rainfall, population, runoff, drainage network have been diversely and extensively are used in different case studies which plays a major role. This review focuses on the contrasting sources of water stress various water stress when water surpluses and deficits are present, and how indicators have incorporated the use of RS and ML to identify temporal and geospatial attributions, scales, and the metrics. We explore how RS and ML are shaping the current and future needs for research and innovation for water stress assessment. This paper reviews scientific and technological evidence published in the past years in the intersection of RS, ML, and water stress. The use of remote sensing (RS) products and machine learning (ML) analytics for the assessment of water stress areas has increased in the past twenty years. The continuous expansion of urban areas attributed to rural immigration to urban centers and population growth, exacerbated by a changing climate, has broken the balance between water supplies and demands, making cities more water insecure. Water stress is a critical factor and depends on the balance between water demands and supplies at any given time and locations.
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